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Anita Molinero

by Britta Peters

Anita Molinero

par Britta Peters

It is important to hate your material a little bit to be able to overcome your limits. If you’re too attached, the relationship is too harmonious. This is how sculptor Anita Molinero formulated things during an interview she gave in early July 2023. Her materials, which she usually gathers in the street and loves to collect as a first step, before finding a use for them years later, lends itself perfectly to such an ambivalent relationship. As a general rule, they even provoke a kind of disgust: colourful bins, cheap plastic toys, foam, cardboard, fabric, animal hides, stones, and metal rods.

The artist born in Floirac (France) in 1953 transforms all of these objects and gives them new forms, creating collages that reveal their nature from a different angle. Once transformed into sculptures, their appearance invites diverse interpretations, for which the past function of the various elements that composes them is important, without being the only possible reading. It becomes an additional essential component that accompanies factors such as size, materiality, and colour. Even if ethical questions as to the use of plastic in art are imposed today, since this material is as indestructible as bronze, Anita Molinero does not seek to reflect a political commitment. As a human being, her thoughts and actions are political but, as a sculptor, her interest mainly concerns sculptural potential.

That is why she starts by putting most of the elements in contact with high heat. The processes of combustion and cooking are handled by two assistants in the presence of Anita Molinero and brought to a halt in a targeted way, using water, at her request. The material is thus frozen right in the middle of a movement. This procedure recalls the production process of a bronze sculpture while approaching it from a different angle. Whereas casting consists of cooling metal melted by heating it in a previously prepared mould, Anita Moliero’s technique consists of setting a pre-existing solid form in motion through fire, then freezing it at a particular moment. It is only from that moment on that the sculpture emerges, always in cooperation with forces that are difficult to control.

The transformed dustbins are at the heart of the artist’s most famous set of artworks. In this specific case, a particularly strong connection exists between the object per se – the coloured plastic dustbin – and its symbolism, associated with flaming barricades, street clashes, and general disorder. Anita Molinero nevertheless manages to create surprise and reinvent her sculptures, starting with a recurrent experimental protocol. The container, with its hollow form, is designed to accommodate other elements inside it, but in its sculptural form it refuses any function, literally or figuratively.

Decades spent collaborating with chance and natural forces, such as fire and water, have firmly rooted Anita Molinero’s work within an anarchist and futurist world, far from any speculation on the art market. Despite a remarkable international career, it was only at the age of forty-eight that she decided to work long-term with a gallery. While she willingly accepts payment in exchange for her artistic work, she categorically refuses any aspect of service which, in the art industry, primarily expresses a desire for complacency and calculability. So far, implementing this almost innate resolve has unfortunately spelled the failure of ambitious projects in public space.

There is no doubt that the pop culture of the 1980s – between punk and science fiction – has influenced Anita Molinero. She justifies her preference for plastic at that time by the fact that it is repellent, contemporary, and malleable. Based on her experiments with this fascinating new material, whose variants made their appearance in the mid-twentieth century, she was able to carve out her own niche, which can be compared to the happenings and artworks of the previous generation, including James Rosenquist, Yves Klein or Eva Hesse, while also remaining distinct. Nowadays, the work of young artists often attests to a renewed interest in materiality and collage techniques, within the framework of an examination of the homogeneity of digital surfaces, opening up new potential connections with Anita Molinero’s work. A convinced and convincing teacher, she has influenced generations of artists in France and elsewhere.

In Anita Molinero’s corpus, the determining relationship to time results in the paradox of dynamic immobility inherent to many works: almost as though for a snapshot, a movement torn from the flow of time and from physical forms alternating between liquid and solid states, coagulating in her sculptures in an aesthetically exciting and vibrant composition, oriented towards the future. Moliero describes this state with the help of a very evocative image; that of the birth of an extra-terrestrial: “It was through elimination that I ended up calling what I do sculpture. There was no other choice. I didn’t want to call it ‘art’ or ‘installation’. [
] By making the dustbins, I thought of the Aliens. For me, science fiction is located in the garbage, it is an organic science fiction, not a technological one.”

Il faut quelque peu dĂ©tester son matĂ©riau pour pouvoir dĂ©passer ses limites. Si l’on y est trop attachĂ©, la relation est trop harmonieuse. C’est ainsi que l’a formulĂ© la sculptrice Anita Molinero lors d’un entretien qu’elle a accordĂ© dĂ©but juillet 2023. Ses matĂ©riaux, qu’elle rĂ©cupĂšre le plus souvent dans la rue et qu’elle aime collectionner dans un premier temps, avant de leur trouver une utilitĂ© des annĂ©es plus tard, se prĂȘtent parfaitement Ă  une telle relation ambivalente. En rĂšgle gĂ©nĂ©rale, ils provoquent mĂȘme une forme de dĂ©goĂ»t : poubelles colorĂ©es, jouets en plastique bon marchĂ©, mousse, carton, tissus, peaux, pierres et tiges mĂ©talliques.
L’artiste, nĂ©e Ă  Floirac en 1953, transforme tous ces objets et leur donne de nouvelles formes en crĂ©ant des collages qui rĂ©vĂšlent leur nature sous un autre angle. Une fois transformĂ©s en sculptures, leur apparence invite Ă  diverses interprĂ©tations, pour lesquelles la fonction passĂ©e des diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments qui les composent est importante, sans ĂȘtre la seule lecture possible. Elle devient une composante essentielle supplĂ©mentaire qui accompagne des facteurs tels que la taille, la matĂ©rialitĂ© et la couleur. Et mĂȘme si les questions Ă©thiques quant Ă  l’utilisation du plastique dans l’art s’imposent aujourd’hui, puisque ce matĂ©riau est aussi indestructible qu’un bronze, Anita Molinero ne cherche pas Ă  faire transparaĂźtre un engagement militant. En tant qu’ĂȘtre humain, ses pensĂ©es et actions sont politiques mais, en tant que sculptrice, son intĂ©rĂȘt se porte principalement sur le potentiel sculptural.
C’est pourquoi elle commence par mettre la plupart des Ă©lĂ©ments en contact avec une forte chaleur. Les processus de combustion et de cuisson, pris en charge par deux assistants en prĂ©sence d’Anita Molinero, sont stoppĂ©s de maniĂšre ciblĂ©e en utilisant de l’eau, Ă  sa demande. Le matĂ©riau se fige alors au beau milieu d’un mouvement. Cette maniĂšre de procĂ©der rappelle le processus de fabrication d’une sculpture en bronze tout en l’abordant dans l’autre sens. Alors qu’une coulĂ©e consiste Ă  refroidir un mĂ©tal fondu grĂące Ă  la chaleur dans un moule crĂ©Ă© au prĂ©alable, la technique d’Anita Molinero consiste Ă  mettre en mouvement une forme solide dĂ©jĂ  existante grĂące au feu, puis Ă  figer un moment en particulier. Ce n’est qu’à partir de cet instant que naĂźt la sculpture, toujours en coopĂ©ration avec des forces difficilement contrĂŽlables.
Les poubelles transformĂ©es sont au cƓur du groupe d’Ɠuvres le plus connu de l’artiste. Dans ce cas prĂ©cis, il existe un lien particuliĂšrement fort entre l’objet en tant que tel – la poubelle en plastique colorĂ© – et sa symbolique qui l’associe aux barricades en feu, aux affrontements dans la rue et au dĂ©sordre de maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale. Anita Molinero parvient malgrĂ© tout Ă  crĂ©er la surprise et Ă  rĂ©inventer ses sculptures en partant d’un protocole expĂ©rimental rĂ©current. Le contenant en tant que forme creuse, conçu pour accueillir d’autres Ă©lĂ©ments en son sein, se refuse en tant que sculpture Ă  toute fonction, au sens strict comme au sens figurĂ©.
Des dĂ©cennies passĂ©es Ă  collaborer avec le hasard et les forces de la nature, telles que le feu et l’eau, ancrent l’Ɠuvre d’Anita Molinero dans un univers anarchiste et futuriste, loin de toute spĂ©culation sur le marchĂ© de l’art. MalgrĂ© une carriĂšre internationale remarquable, ce n’est qu’à l’ñge de 48 ans qu’elle a dĂ©cidĂ© de travailler durablement avec une galerie. Si elle accepte volontiers une rĂ©munĂ©ration en Ă©change de son travail artistique, elle refuse catĂ©goriquement tout aspect de prestation qui, dans l’industrie de l’art, se traduit surtout par un dĂ©sir de complaisance et de calculabilitĂ©. Jusqu’à prĂ©sent, cette intransigeance quasi immanente Ă  l’Ɠuvre lui a malheureusement valu l’échec de projets d’envergure dans l’espace public.
Il ne fait aucun doute que la culture pop des annĂ©es 1980 – entre le punk et la science-fiction – a influencĂ© Anita Molinero. Elle justifie sa prĂ©fĂ©rence de l’époque pour le plastique par le fait qu’il soit repoussant, contemporain et mallĂ©able. Sur la base de ses expĂ©riences menĂ©es avec ce nouveau matĂ©riau fascinant, dont les diffĂ©rentes variantes ont fait leur apparition au milieu du XXe siĂšcle, elle a su se faire sa propre place, qui peut ĂȘtre comparĂ©e aux happenings et Ɠuvres de la gĂ©nĂ©ration prĂ©cĂ©dente, dont faisaient partie James Rosenquist, Yves Klein ou Eva Hesse, tout en arrivant Ă  se distinguer. Aujourd’hui, les travaux de jeunes artistes tĂ©moignent souvent d’un regain d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour la matĂ©rialitĂ© et les techniques de collage, dans le cadre d’une rĂ©flexion sur l’homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des surfaces numĂ©riques, ce qui ouvre de nouveaux liens possibles avec l’Ɠuvre d’Anita Molinero. Enseignante convaincue et convaincante, elle a influencĂ© des gĂ©nĂ©rations d’artistes en France et ailleurs.
Dans l’Ɠuvre d’Anita Molinero, le rapport dĂ©terminant au temps rĂ©sulte toutefois du paradoxe de l’immobilitĂ© dynamique inhĂ©rente Ă  de nombreux travaux : presque comme pour un instantanĂ©, un mouvement arrachĂ© au flux du temps et aux formes physiques alternant entre les Ă©tats liquides et solides se coagule dans ses sculptures en une composition esthĂ©tiquement excitante et vivante, tournĂ©e vers l’avenir. Molinero dĂ©crit cet Ă©tat Ă  l’aide d’une image trĂšs Ă©vocatrice ; celle de la naissance d’un extraterrestre : « It was through elimination that I ended up calling what I do sculpture. There was no other choice. I didn’t want to call it ‘art’ or ‘installation’. (
) En faisant les poubelles, j’ai pensĂ© aux Aliens. Pour moi, la science-fiction se situe dans les poubelles, c’est une science-fiction organique, pas technologique. “

Anita Molinero
Anita Molinero

Born in 1953 in Floirac (France), Anita Molinero graduated in 1977 from the École SupĂ©rieure des Beaux-Arts in Marseille. Her work has been exhibited since the late 1990s in major institutions including MAMCO in Geneva and Le Consortium in Dijon.She has also carried out public commissions, notably for the City of Paris and for the Ile de France Region, with the Porte de la Villette tram stop in 2012. Throughout her career, she has taught in various art schools in France.
Molinero is one of the few French artists of her generation to express herself exclusively through sculpture. Often monumental and chaotic, her works disfigure everyday objects and cheap materials: trash cans, exhaust pipes, rebars, extruded polystyrene and other consumer society detritus. In transforming her materials she succeeds in bringing out all their brutality and instability. This mainly chronological exhibition is divided into two parts. The first, a retrospective, focuses on the gestures characteristic of Molinero’s work, while the second is dedicated to new creations which anchor her work in a futuristic world.

NĂ©e en 1953 Ă  Floirac (France), Anita Molinero est diplĂŽmĂ©e en 1977 de l’École supĂ©rieure des Beaux-Arts de Marseille. Son travail est exposĂ© dĂšs la fin des annĂ©es 1990 dans plusieurs grandes institutions (telles que le MAMCO, GenĂšve ou Le Consortium, Dijon). Elle a Ă©galement rĂ©alisĂ© des commandes publiques notamment pour la Ville de Paris et la rĂ©gion Ile de France avec l’arrĂȘt du tramway de la porte de la Villette en 2012. Tout au long de sa carriĂšre, elle n’a cessĂ© d’enseigner dans diffĂ©rentes Ă©coles des beaux-arts en France.

Anita Molinero est l’une des rares artistes françaises de sa gĂ©nĂ©ration Ă  s’exprimer exclusivement Ă  travers la sculpture. Souvent monumentales et chaotiques, ses oeuvres dĂ©figurent des objets usuels et des matĂ©riaux triviaux : poubelles, tuyaux d’échappement, fers Ă  bĂ©ton, polystyrĂšne extrudĂ© et autres rebuts de la sociĂ©tĂ© de consommation. Elle transforme la matiĂšre dont elle parvient Ă  dĂ©ployer toute la brutalitĂ© et l’instabilitĂ©.

Britta Peters
Britta Peters

Britta Peters has been the Artistic Director of Urbane KĂŒnste Ruhr since January 2018. Previously, she was the curator of Skulptur Projekte MĂŒnster 2017 in a team with Kasper König and Marianne Wagner. With a background in Cultural Studies, she has curated various major exhibition projects in Hamburg, including as director of Kunstverein Harburger Bahnhof from 2008 to 2011. After the exhibition Demonstrations. Vom Werden normativer Ordnungen 2012 at the Frankfurter Kunstverein, in 2014 she curated the project Krankheit als Metapher. Das Irre im Garten der Arten at various locations in Hamburg. Peters has participated internationally in numerous committees, events, and publications on the topic of art in public space and has taught as a visiting professor at the Academy of Art in MĂŒnster.

Britta Peters est directrice artistique d’Urbane KĂŒnste Ruhr depuis janvier 2018. Auparavant, elle a Ă©tĂ© commissaire de Skulptur Projekte MĂŒnster 2017, en Ă©quipe avec Kasper König et Marianne Wagner. Avec une formation en Ă©tudes culturelles, elle a assurĂ© le commissariat de divers projets d’exposition majeurs Ă  Hambourg, notamment en tant que directrice de la Kunstverein Harburger Bahnhof de 2008 Ă  2011. AprĂšs l’exposition Demonstrations. Vom Werden normativer Ordnungen en 2012 Ă  la Frankfurter Kunstverein, elle a Ă©tĂ© commissaire en 2014 du projet Krankheit als Metapher. Das Irre im Garten der Arten dans divers lieux Ă  Hambourg. Peters a participĂ© au niveau international Ă  de nombreux comitĂ©s, Ă©vĂ©nements et publications sur le thĂšme de l’art dans l’espace public et a enseignĂ© en tant que professeur invitĂ© Ă  l’AcadĂ©mie des arts de MĂŒnster.

Artworks by Mimosa Echard flout traditional classifications and reconciles opposing facets. She’s a rather intuitive artist with a strong sense for materials. Her exciting combinations of materials are thrilling. In addition to the strong material presence, there’s a strong undercurrent in the artworks. Of sublimation, I you will. The idea of contamination is also present. I often experience a precarious balance between enticing, even erotic, and ugly, repulsive and dismal in her works.

Mimosa Echard, Nanda Janssen