In the course of a residency in New York City in 2015, the French-Moroccan artist Sara Ouhaddou began creating an alphabet. During this time, the artist pondered her family’s history of migration and their relationship to written language. Ouhaddou’s parents migrated to France from Meknes, Morocco, and established a life for themselves and their children without knowing how to read or write. How could people like her parents get by in a world dominated by text, and what kinds of knowledge, other than writing, could they use to do so? Ouhaddouâs alphabet was inspired by her interest in non-scriptural forms of writing. It is a hybrid combination of references to Amazigh, Arab, and Latin letters but also consists of symbols, shapes, colors, and arguably even materials.
It appears and evolves throughout her body of work and is only decipherable by her. She uses it, for example, to encrypt and transliterate texts and poems from Moroccan oral traditions, such as in her glazed ceramic series “Partition 1-3” (2023). The visual code utilized across her works allows Ouhaddou to destabilize viewers: the alphabet lures them with familiar forms while remaining impossible to grasp fully. In deliberately provoking their discomfort, the artist contemplates the exclusions produced by omnipresent writing systems. This conceptual approach is crucial to understanding the scope of Ouhaddouâs practice.
Another recent works, “Je de roÌles” (2023) is an installation of floating wool panels handwoven by nomad communities in southern Tunisia. In this piece, Ouhaddou took cues from the North African mythical figure of the raggem, a wanderer who traveled from village to village to collect and spread stories and know-how. Although slowly disappearing from collective memory, many still remember the raggem as a genderless figure, sometimes as a scientist, a historian, a master of crafts, a storyteller, or even all of these simultaneously. Ouhaddou also found references to the figure in French colonial records. Paradoxically, these references described the traveler reductively, as men assigned the role of teaching nomad women how to weave and pitch tents.
For Ouhaddou, the raggemâs portrayal in colonial literature is symptomatic of the epistemic violence of modern times. It also represents the destructive effects caused by the systematic need of archiving of peoplesâ cultures. On the contrary, the raggem, from oral tales, symbolizes the potential freedom and permeability of the way knowledge is created and produced. Composed of colorful threads drooping and extending from what appears to be unfinished weavings, âJe de roÌlesâ, highlights the ungraspable nature of the raggem and suggests possibilities of rekindling lost chains of transmissions.
The artist’s production methods and techniques reflect these intentions. Take, for example, “Sin Ithran, Ur Mqadan, Rousn / Two stars, Unbalanced, They burn” (2020), one of her most emblematic creations. Reminiscent of the colorful windows of the madrassas (colleges) in Fez, Morocco, the artwork consists of two large hanging round stained glass panels and features Ouhaddouâs unique alphabet. For this sculpture, she sought out a person interested in (re)learning the craft of stained glass, a nearly extinct technique in Morocco. Throughout the production, her collaborator’s learning process guided the object’s final form. These types of collaborations are not only typical of this piece but are the focus of Ouhaddouâs practice. In fact, the artwork is almost always determined by the collaborative journey that Ouhaddou embarks on with producers.
Ouhaddou has developed a process-based approach to art-making that involves a network of makers skilled in various Moroccan traditional crafts such as ceramics, dyeing, embroidery, or weaving. Together with them, the artist discusses which skills or techniques they wish to learn or fine tune. These conversations define and shape each of Ouhaddouâs projects. These commissions therefore go beyond mere financial transactions and instead fashion spaces for experimental learning.
Ouhaddou has been following this method for over ten years, and her body of work mirrors both the flux and regularity of these human exchanges. For instance, stained glass reccurs as a frequently used material, as seen in works like âAl Kalimaâ (2022) or âAn-Noorâ (2023). Her upcoming exhibition at the Museum of African Contemporary Art Al Maaden (MACAAL), in Marrakech, seeks to make this aspect of her practice even more visible. For the first time, the artist conceived artworks as display structures and invited her collaborators to populate them with their own objects. Titled Display, the show (opening in fall 2024), showcases an art practice that is fluid, collaborative, and resists the norms of singular authorship.
Ă lâoccasion dâune rĂ©sidence Ă New York en 2015, lâartiste franco-marocaine Sara Ouhaddou a commencĂ© Ă crĂ©er un alphabet. Au cours de cette pĂ©riode, elle sâest interrogĂ©e sur lâhistoire de la migration de sa famille et le rapport de celle-ci Ă la langue Ă©crite. Les parents de Sara Ouhaddou ont quittĂ© MeknĂšs, au Maroc, et se sont installĂ©s en France avec leurs enfants sans savoir ni lire, ni Ă©crire. Comment des gens comme eux ont-ils pu arriver Ă sâen sortir dans un monde oĂč lâĂ©crit a autant dâimportance et quels types de savoirs autres que le langage Ă©crit ont-ils pu utiliser pour y parvenir ? Lâalphabet crĂ©Ă© par Sara Ouhaddou tire son inspiration de son intĂ©rĂȘt pour les formes dâĂ©criture non scripturales. Il est constituĂ© dâune combinaison hybride de rĂ©fĂ©rences Ă la calligraphie amazighe, arabe et latine, mais aussi de diffĂ©rents symboles, formes et couleurs, voire mĂȘme de matĂ©riaux.
Cet alphabet en perpĂ©tuelle Ă©volution apparaĂźt dans lâensemble de son Ćuvre et nâest dĂ©chiffrable que par elle. Elle lâutilise, par exemple, pour crypter et transcrire par translittĂ©ration des textes et des poĂšmes issus de la tradition orale marocaine, comme dans sa sĂ©rie de cĂ©ramiques Ă©maillĂ©es intitulĂ©e Partition 1-3 (2023). Le code visuel utilisĂ© dans ses crĂ©ations permet Ă lâartiste de dĂ©stabiliser les spectateurs : lâalphabet les attire avec des formes familiĂšres tout en restant impossible Ă saisir pleinement. En provoquant dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment leur inconfort, lâartiste sâinterroge sur le phĂ©nomĂšne dâexclusion engendrĂ© par lâomniprĂ©sence des systĂšmes dâĂ©criture. La prise en compte de cette approche conceptuelle est essentielle pour apprĂ©hender la pratique de Sara Ouhaddou dans toute son ampleur.
Une autre de ses Ćuvres rĂ©centes, Je de rĂŽles (2023), est une installation composĂ©e de panneaux de laine suspendus qui ont Ă©tĂ© tissĂ©s Ă la main par des communautĂ©s nomades du sud de la Tunisie. Pour cette crĂ©ation, Sara Ouhaddou sâest inspirĂ©e de la figure mythique en Afrique du Nord du raggem, un vagabond voyageant de village en village pour recueillir et transmettre des histoires et des savoir-faire. Bien quâil soit en train de disparaĂźtre de la mĂ©moire collective, beaucoup de gens se souviennent encore du raggem comme dâun personnage asexuĂ©, parfois considĂ©rĂ© comme un savant, un griot, un artisan passĂ© maĂźtre dans son art, un conteur, ou tout cela Ă la fois. Sara Ouhaddou a Ă©galement trouvĂ© des rĂ©fĂ©rences Ă ce personnage dans des documents datant de la pĂ©riode coloniale française. Paradoxalement, ces sources dĂ©crivent ce voyageur de façon rĂ©ductrice, comme un homme chargĂ© dâapprendre aux femmes nomades le tissage et le montage des tentes traditionnelles.
Pour Sara Ouhaddou, la maniĂšre dont le raggem est Ă©voquĂ© dans la littĂ©rature coloniale est symptomatique de la violence Ă©pistĂ©mique des temps modernes. Elle est Ă©galement reprĂ©sentative des effets destructeurs engendrĂ©s par le besoin systĂ©matique dâarchiver les cultures des peuples colonisĂ©s. Au contraire, la figure du raggem, tirĂ©e de contes relevant de la tradition orale, symbolise le potentiel de libertĂ© et la permĂ©abilitĂ© qui rĂ©sultent de la maniĂšre dont les connaissances sont crĂ©Ă©es et produites. ComposĂ©e de fils de couleurs qui se dĂ©ploient jusquâau sol Ă partir de ce qui sâapparente Ă des tissages inachevĂ©s, lâinstallation Je de rĂŽles souligne la nature insaisissable du raggem et suggĂšre des possibilitĂ©s de rĂ©activer des chaĂźnes de transmissions perdues.
Les mĂ©thodes et techniques de fabrication de lâartiste reflĂštent ces intentions. Prenons, par exemple, Sin Ithran, Ur Mqadan, Rousn / Deux astres, au dĂ©sĂ©quilibre, se brĂ»lent (2020), lâune de ses crĂ©ations les plus emblĂ©matiques. RĂ©miniscence des fenĂȘtres colorĂ©es des madrassas (Ă©coles coraniques) de FĂšs, au Maroc, lâinstallation se compose de deux grands vitraux circulaires suspendus sur lesquels est reproduit lâalphabet singulier de Sara Ouhaddou. Pour cette Ćuvre sculpturale, lâartiste a fait appel Ă une personne dĂ©sireuse de (rĂ©)apprendre lâart du vitrail, une technique ayant quasiment disparue au Maroc. Tout au long de lâĂ©laboration de cette Ćuvre, le processus dâapprentissage de sa collaboratrice a guidĂ© la forme finale de lâobjet. Ce type de collaboration nâest pas seulement liĂ© Ă la rĂ©alisation de cette Ćuvre particuliĂšre : il se situe au cĆur mĂȘme de la pratique de Sara Ouhaddou. De fait, ses crĂ©ations sont presque toujours dĂ©terminĂ©es par le parcours collaboratif que lâartiste entreprend avec les artisans qui participent Ă leur fabrication.
Sara Ouhaddou a dĂ©veloppĂ© une approche de la crĂ©ation artistique basĂ©e sur le processus, qui sâappuie sur un rĂ©seau de fabricants ayant des compĂ©tences dans divers artisanats traditionnels marocains tels que la cĂ©ramique, la teinture, la broderie ou le tissage. Avec eux, lâartiste discute des savoir-faire et des techniques quâils souhaitent apprendre ou perfectionner. Ces conversations dĂ©finissent et donnent forme Ă chacun de ses projets. Les commandes qui sâensuivent vont donc au-delĂ de la simple transaction financiĂšre pour crĂ©er Ă la place des espaces dâapprentissage expĂ©rimentaux.
Sara Ouhaddou suit cette mĂ©thode depuis plus de dix ans et lâensemble de ses crĂ©ations reflĂšte Ă la fois les fluctuations et la rĂ©gularitĂ© de ces Ă©changes avec dâautres. Ainsi, elle utilise frĂ©quemment le vitrail comme matĂ©riau, comme en tĂ©moignent des crĂ©ations telles que Al Kalima (2022) ou An-Noor (2023). Sa prochaine exposition au MusĂ©e dâart contemporain africain Al Maaden (MACAAL) de Marrakech vise Ă rendre cet aspect de sa pratique encore plus manifeste. Pour la premiĂšre fois, elle a conçu ses crĂ©ations comme des structures de prĂ©sentation et a invitĂ© ses collaborateurs Ă les peupler de leurs propres objets. IntitulĂ©e « Display » (« Vitrine »), cette exposition inaugurĂ©e Ă lâautomne 2024 met en avant une pratique artistique fluide et collaborative qui sâoppose au principe de la notion dâauteur envisagĂ©e sous lâangle dâun individu particulier.
Sara Ouhaddou is an artist living and working between Morocco and France. Sheâs born in France in a traditional Moroccan family and this dual culture informs her practice as a continuous dialogue. She strikes a balance between traditional Moroccan art forms and the conventions of contemporary art, aiming to place artistic creationâs forgotten cultural continuities into new perspectives. She works in situ, producing works based on encounters with communities, craftsmen and researchers, while exploring heritage sites and objects. Each of her works is a project of learning, exchange of knowledge and intimate or universal stories.
Sara Ouhaddou studied at the Ăcole Olivier De Serres Paris. She has participated in the exhibition : Moroccan Trilogy (2021), Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid, Spain; Global resistance (2020), Centre Pompidou, Paris, France, Manifesta Biennial, Trait-Union, Marseille (2020), Our World is burning, Palais de Tokyo, Paris (2020) Islamic Art festival, Sharjah (2017-2018) Crafts Becomes Modern, Bauhaus Dessau Foundation, Germany (2017); Marrakech Biennale, Morocco, (2016) and also participated to the following programs and residencies : IASPIS Stockholm (2021/2022), Art Explora x La citĂ© Internationale des Arts (2021) and La citĂ© Internationale des Arts x Daniel and Nina Carasso (2020/2021). She is represented by the Polaris gallery, Paris.
Sara Ouhaddou est une artiste qui vit entre la France et le Maroc. NĂ©e en France, dâune famille Marocaine, la double culture de Sara Ouhaddou façonne sa pratique artistique comme un langage continue. Sa pratique artistique aborde les dĂ©fis rencontrĂ©s par les artisan.e.s marocain.e.s. Elle questionne le rĂŽle de l’art comme outil de dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique, social et culturel, tout particuliĂšrement dans le monde arabe. En nous faisant partager ses interrogations sur les transformations de son hĂ©ritage, elle met en tension les arts traditionnels marocains et les codes de lâart contemporain afin de mettre en perspective les rĂ©alitĂ©s culturelles oubliĂ©es.
Elle a participĂ© aux expositions suivantes : Islamic Art festival, Sharjah (2017-2018) Crafts Becomes Mordern, Bauhaus Dessau Fondation, Allemagne (2017) ; Marrakech Biennale, Morocco, (2016) and also held an exhibition of her work at the Moulin dâArt Contemporain Toulon, France (2015); Gaite Lyrique Tanger-Tanger, Paris (2014); and Marrakech Institut Français (2014. Parmi les prix quâelle a reçu : Arab Fund for Art and Culture (2014) ; et Un Pourcent Art Contemporain NYC, Projet Little Syria (2017). Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©sidente Ă : IASPIS Stockholm (2021/2022), Art Explora x La citĂ© Internationale des Arts (2021) and La citĂ© Internationale des Arts x Daniel and Nina Carasso (2020/2021), Appartement 22, Rabat, Maroc (2017) ; Culturunner, New-York (2016); Edge Of Arabia ISCP, New-York (2015); et Trankat, Maroc (2014). Elle est reprĂ©sentĂ©e par la Galerie Polaris, Paris.
Beya Othmani is an art curator and researcher from Algeria and Tunisia. Currently, she is the C-MAP Africa Fellow at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York. Her recent curatorial projects include Cantando Bajito at the Ford Foundation Gallery (2024), the Ljubljana 35th Graphic Arts Biennial and Publishing Practices #2 at Archive Berlin (2023). Previously, she took part in the curatorial teams of various projects with sonsbeek20â24 (2020), the Forum Expanded of the Berlinale (2019), and the DakâArt 13 Biennial (2018), among others, and was a curatorial assistant at the Berlin-based art space, SAVVY Contemporary. Some of her latest projects explored feminist publishing practices, post-colonial histories of print-making, and the construction of racial identities in art in colonial and post-colonial Africa.
Beya Othmani est une commissaire d’exposition Tuniso-AlgĂ©rienne et porte un intĂ©rĂȘt pour les projets qui favorisent lâintersection entre la recherche et les arts. Ses recherches rĂ©centes ont portĂ© sur l’histoire des expositions, la construction des discours Ă©mancipateurs et des identitĂ©s raciales dans l’art en Afrique coloniale et postcoloniale. Elle travaille actuellement au Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Ă New York dans le dĂ©partement C-MAP (Perspectives sur lâart Contemporain-Moderne) Afrique.
Outre la recherche, elle est Ă©galement impliquĂ©e dans divers projets curatoriaux. Parmi ses rĂ©cents projets rĂ©cents, citons la 35e Biennale des arts graphiques de Ljubljana et Publishing Practices #2 Ă Archive Berlin. Elle est Ă©galement actuellement co-commissaire d’une sĂ©rie d’expositions en 2024 pour la Ford Foundation Gallery Ă New York.
Auparavant, elle Ă©tait membre de l’espace d’art Ă Berlin, SAVVY Contemporary, et a participĂ© au commissariat de divers projets avec sonsbeek20â24 (2020), le Forum Expanded de la Berlinale (2019), ou la Dak’Art 13 Biennale(2018), entre autres.
The paintings from the series âLâAir de Rienâ and âSurfacesâ are evocations of a fluid world. It seems as if paint and support have briefly solidified before the paint continues to drip, curve and flow. For Robbe, fluidity represents freedom. He doesnât want to control the creative process but prefers letting things run their course and to leave things to drift. Not one sketch precedes these paintings. It arises in the here and now by anticipating what happens with the material.